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Category: Management systems

A management system is the documented set of policies, processes and records an organisation uses to run one aspect of its business and prove it is under control. ISO publishes them for quality, information security, environment, occupational health and safety, business continuity, IT service management and more.
Since ISO adopted the Annex SL high-level structure, they share a common skeleton: clauses 4 to 10, covering context, leadership, planning, support, operation, performance evaluation and improvement. Clause 4 has the same shape whether you are reading ISO 9001, ISO 14001 or ISO 45001.
That shared structure is what makes an integrated management system practical. Rather than three sets of policies, three internal audit programmes and three management reviews, you run one system that satisfies several standards at once. Organisations that integrate typically cut audit time and eliminate the contradictions that appear when parallel systems drift apart.
The guides below cover integrated and unified management systems, and the individual standards for environment (ISO 14001), occupational health and safety (ISO 45001), business continuity (ISO 22301), IT service management (ISO 20000) and sector-specific quality standards for medical devices, automotive and food safety.

The three levels at which segregation of duties has to be established

Segregation of Duties: 6 Proven Steps for SOX and ISO 27001

Governance Docs16th August 2026

One term covers three problems: transaction level, entitlement level and function level. What SOX 404, DORA Article 6(4)…
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The FIPS 199 impact levels and the high water mark rule for data classification

Data Classification: 6 Proven Steps for ISO 27001

Governance Docs16th August 2026

Most schemes classify confidentiality only and have no rule for mixed data. What FIPS 199 and ISO 27001…
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What the CRA and NIS2 each require for coordinated vulnerability disclosure

Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure: 7 Essential CRA Steps

Governance Docs16th August 2026

The CRA requires you to put in place and enforce a CVD policy. What Annex I Part II(5),…
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The four places the Cyber Resilience Act requires an SBOM

SBOM Requirements: 6 Proven Steps to CRA Compliance

Governance Docs16th August 2026

The CRA asks for an SBOM in four separate places. What Annex I Part II(1), Annex VII, Article…
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What the resilience regimes require from a business continuity exercise

Business Continuity Exercise: 6 Proven Steps to Test the Switchover

Governance Docs16th August 2026

DORA requires yearly testing of continuity, recovery and crisis communication plans, including cyber-attack and switchover scenarios. How to…
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What DORA Articles 26 and 27 require for threat-led penetration testing

Threat-Led Penetration Testing: Who DORA Actually Requires It From

Governance Docs16th August 2026

DORA TLPT applies only to entities their regulator identifies. Live production systems, a scope the authority validates, and…
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What addressable means in the HIPAA safeguards under 45 CFR 164.306

HIPAA Safeguards: Addressable Does Not Mean Optional

Governance Docs16th August 2026

The HIPAA Security Rule labels specifications Required or Addressable. Addressable means assess, then implement or document why not…
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The NIS2 management liability duties under Articles 20 and 32

NIS2 Management Liability: Three Duties on Named People

Governance Docs16th August 2026

NIS2 Article 20 makes management approve, oversee and be liable for cybersecurity measures — and Article 32(5) can…
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What a SOC 2 bridge letter is and what it is not

Bridge Letter: What It Covers, and What It Does Not

Governance Docs16th August 2026

A SOC 2 bridge letter is written by management, not the auditor, and nothing in it is tested.…
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The three control populations in a SOC 2 report including complementary user entity controls

Complementary User Entity Controls: The Half You Must Do

Governance Docs16th August 2026

A SOC 2 report lists controls the provider assumes you operate. Nobody tests them. How to extract, own…
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The eight prohibited AI practices under EU AI Act Article 5

Prohibited AI Practices: Article 5 Is Already In Force

Governance Docs16th August 2026

The EU AI Act's eight prohibited AI practices have applied since 2 February 2025, with fines up to…
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How four regimes each approach third-party risk management

Third-Party Risk Management: One Inventory, Four Regimes

Governance Docs16th August 2026

DORA, NIS2, ISO 27001 and sector schemes ask about the same suppliers in different formats. Build one inventory…
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