Segregation of Duties: 6 Proven Steps for SOX and ISO 27001
One term covers three problems: transaction level, entitlement level and function level. What SOX 404, DORA Article 6(4)…
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Data Classification: 6 Proven Steps for ISO 27001
Most schemes classify confidentiality only and have no rule for mixed data. What FIPS 199 and ISO 27001…
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Coordinated Vulnerability Disclosure: 7 Essential CRA Steps
The CRA requires you to put in place and enforce a CVD policy. What Annex I Part II(5),…
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SBOM Requirements: 6 Proven Steps to CRA Compliance
The CRA asks for an SBOM in four separate places. What Annex I Part II(1), Annex VII, Article…
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Business Continuity Exercise: 6 Proven Steps to Test the Switchover
DORA requires yearly testing of continuity, recovery and crisis communication plans, including cyber-attack and switchover scenarios. How to…
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Threat-Led Penetration Testing: Who DORA Actually Requires It From
DORA TLPT applies only to entities their regulator identifies. Live production systems, a scope the authority validates, and…
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HIPAA Safeguards: Addressable Does Not Mean Optional
The HIPAA Security Rule labels specifications Required or Addressable. Addressable means assess, then implement or document why not…
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NIS2 Management Liability: Three Duties on Named People
NIS2 Article 20 makes management approve, oversee and be liable for cybersecurity measures — and Article 32(5) can…
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Bridge Letter: What It Covers, and What It Does Not
A SOC 2 bridge letter is written by management, not the auditor, and nothing in it is tested.…
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Complementary User Entity Controls: The Half You Must Do
A SOC 2 report lists controls the provider assumes you operate. Nobody tests them. How to extract, own…
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Prohibited AI Practices: Article 5 Is Already In Force
The EU AI Act's eight prohibited AI practices have applied since 2 February 2025, with fines up to…
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Third-Party Risk Management: One Inventory, Four Regimes
DORA, NIS2, ISO 27001 and sector schemes ask about the same suppliers in different formats. Build one inventory…
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